some fixes

src/domain_utils.py

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ from src.models.category import Category, CategoryBudget, CategoryBudgetDb, Cate
 
 
 def find_category_db(session: Session, category: Category | None) -> CategoryDb | None:
+    """Find a CategoryDb in the database given a Pydantic Category object.
+    
+    Recursively finds parent categories to build the full hierarchy path.
+    Returns None if any part of the hierarchy doesn't exist.
+    """
     if category is None:
         return None
 
@@ -29,59 +34,195 @@ def find_category_db(session: Session, category: Category | None) -> CategoryDb
 
 
 def set_category_budget(session: Session, category_budget: CategoryBudget):
-    category_db: CategoryDb | None = find_category_db(session, category_budget.category)
+    """Set or update a category budget, handling overlaps correctly.
+    
+    This function handles three cases:
+    1. No overlap: Add the new budget alongside existing ones
+    2. Partial overlap: Split the existing budget and add appropriate parts + new budget
+    3. Full overlap: Replace the existing budget entirely with the new one
+    
+    Args:
+        session: SQLAlchemy session
+        category_budget: The budget to set/update
+        
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the category doesn't exist in the database
+    """
+    # Find the category in the database
+    category_db = find_category_db(session, category_budget.category)
     if category_db is None:
         raise ValueError(
             f"No matching category in database for category: {category_budget.category.to_str()}"
         )
 
-    new_start = category_budget.valid_from or date.min
-    new_end = category_budget.valid_to or date.max
-
-    existing_budgets = (
-        session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=category_db.id).all()
-    )
+    new_start = category_budget.valid_from
+    new_end = category_budget.valid_to
 
+    # Helper to add a budget row
     def _add_row(amount_eur: Decimal, valid_from: date | None, valid_to: date | None):
-        session.add(
-            CategoryBudgetDb(
-                category_id=category_db.id,
-                amount_eur=amount_eur,
-                valid_from=valid_from,
-                valid_to=valid_to,
-            )
+        return CategoryBudgetDb(
+            category_id=category_db.id,
+            amount_eur=amount_eur,
+            valid_from=valid_from,
+            valid_to=valid_to,
         )
 
-    for existing_budget in existing_budgets:
-        existing_start = existing_budget.valid_from or date.min
-        existing_end = existing_budget.valid_to or date.max
+    # Helper to check if two date ranges overlap
+    def _ranges_overlap(start1: date | None, end1: date | None,
+                        start2: date | None, end2: date | None) -> bool:
+        """Check if two date ranges overlap.
+        
+        Two bounded ranges overlap if start2 < end1 and start1 < end2.
+        An unbounded range (None, None) only overlaps with another fully unbounded range.
+        Partially unbounded ranges (e.g., valid_from=None but valid_to=date) 
+        only overlap if the bounded ranges themselves would overlap.
+        """
+        # Both completely unbounded - always overlap
+        if start1 is None and end1 is None and start2 is None and end2 is None:
+            return True
+        
+        # At least one range has both bounds None (truly unbounded)
+        # It only overlaps with another truly unbounded range, not with bounded ranges
+        if start1 is None and end1 is None or start2 is None and end2 is None:
+            return False
+        
+        # Both ranges are bounded - standard overlap check
+        return start2 < end1 and start1 < end2
 
-        overlap_start = max(new_start, existing_start)
-        overlap_end = min(new_end, existing_end)
+    # Helper to find overlapping sub-range
+    def _overlap_range(start1: date | None, end1: date | None,
+                       start2: date | None, end2: date | None) -> tuple[date | None, date | None]:
+        """Return the overlapping sub-range of two ranges."""
+        
+        # Handle completely unbounded cases
+        if start1 is None and end1 is None:
+            # First range is completely unbounded - overlap is second range
+            return (start2, end2) if (start2 is not None or end2 is not None) else (None, None)
+        
+        if start2 is None and end2 is None:
+            # Second range is completely unbounded - overlap is first range  
+            return (start1, end1) if (start1 is not None or end1 is not None) else (None, None)
+        
+        # Initialize with defaults
+        o_start = None
+        o_end = None
+        
+        # Handle one-sided unbounded cases
+        if start1 is not None and end1 is not None:
+            # Range 1 is bounded, range 2 may be unbounded
+            if start2 is None:  # New starts at beginning, so overlap starts at existing_start
+                o_start = start1
+            else:
+                o_start = max(start1, start2)
+            
+            if end2 is None:  # New ends at end of time, so overlap ends at existing_end
+                o_end = end1
+            elif o_start is not None:
+                o_end = min(end1, end2)
+        
+        if start2 is not None and end2 is not None:
+            # Range 2 is bounded, range 1 may be unbounded  
+            if start1 is None:  # Existing starts at beginning
+                o_start = start2
+            elif o_start is None:
+                o_start = max(start1, start2)
+            
+            if end1 is None:  # Existing ends at end of time
+                o_end = end2
+            elif o_start is not None:
+                o_end = min(end1, end2)
+        
+        # Check for actual overlap
+        if o_start is None or o_start > o_end:
+            return (None, None)  # No overlap
+        
+        return (o_start, o_end)
 
-        if overlap_start > overlap_end:
-            continue  # no overlap
+    existing_budgets = (
+        session.query(CategoryBudgetDb)
+        .filter_by(category_id=category_db.id)
+        .all()
+    )
 
-        session.delete(existing_budget)
+    def _remove_and_split_budget(budget: CategoryBudgetDb):
+        """Remove the overlapping parts of an existing budget and add back non-overlapping parts."""
+        # Check for overlap with new range
+        if not _ranges_overlap(new_start, new_end, budget.valid_from, budget.valid_to):
+            row = _add_row(
+                amount_eur=budget.amount_eur,
+                valid_from=budget.valid_from,
+                valid_to=budget.valid_to,
+            )
+            session.add(row)  # Add the unchanged budget back
+            return [row]  # No overlap, keep the whole existing budget
+        
+        # Calculate overlap boundaries
+        overlap_start, overlap_end = _overlap_range(
+            new_start, new_end, budget.valid_from, budget.valid_to
+        )
 
-        if existing_start < new_start:
-            # Keep existing_start but cut existing end before new range
-            _add_row(
-                amount_eur=existing_budget.amount_eur,
-                valid_from=existing_budget.valid_from,
+        if overlap_start is None or overlap_end is None:
+            # Full unbounded overlap - replace entirely with new budget
+            row = _add_row(category_budget.amount_eur, category_budget.valid_from, category_budget.valid_to)
+            session.add(row)
+            return [row]
+        
+        # Split the budget into non-overlapping parts and add the new budget
+        parts = []
+        
+        # Part 1: Before the overlap (if any)
+        if budget.valid_from is not None and budget.valid_from < overlap_start:
+            row = _add_row(
+                amount_eur=budget.amount_eur,
+                valid_from=budget.valid_from,
                 valid_to=overlap_start - timedelta(days=1),
             )
-        if existing_end > new_end:
-            # Cut exsisting start to right after the new range and keep existing_end
-            _add_row(
-                amount_eur=existing_budget.amount_eur,
+            parts.append(row)
+        
+        # Part 2: After the overlap (if any)  
+        if budget.valid_to is not None and overlap_end < budget.valid_to:
+            row = _add_row(
+                amount_eur=budget.amount_eur,
                 valid_from=overlap_end + timedelta(days=1),
-                valid_to=existing_budget.valid_to,
+                valid_to=budget.valid_to,
             )
+            parts.append(row)
+        
+        # Add the new budget
+        row = _add_row(
+            amount_eur=category_budget.amount_eur,
+            valid_from=category_budget.valid_from,
+            valid_to=category_budget.valid_to,
+        )
+        parts.append(row)
 
-    # Add the new budget
-    _add_row(
-        amount_eur=category_budget.amount_eur,
-        valid_from=category_budget.valid_from,
-        valid_to=category_budget.valid_to,
-    )
+        # Add all parts to session
+        for row in parts:
+            session.add(row)
+        
+        return parts
+
+    # Track if new budget was already added (during overlap handling)
+    new_budget_added = False
+    
+    # Process each existing budget
+    for existing_budget in existing_budgets:
+        if not _ranges_overlap(new_start, new_end, 
+                              existing_budget.valid_from, existing_budget.valid_to):
+            continue  # No overlap, keep existing budget as-is
+        
+        # Remove and split the overlapping budget
+        session.delete(existing_budget)
+        
+        # Add back non-overlapping parts plus the new budget
+        split_parts = _remove_and_split_budget(existing_budget)
+        new_budget_added = True  # Mark that we already added the new budget
+
+    # Always add the new budget unless it was already added during overlap handling
+    if not new_budget_added:
+        row = _add_row(
+            amount_eur=category_budget.amount_eur,
+            valid_from=category_budget.valid_from,
+            valid_to=category_budget.valid_to,
+        )
+        session.add(row)

tests/test_domain_utils_budget_overlap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+"""Comprehensive tests for set_category_budget overlap handling."""
+
+from datetime import date
+
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from src.domain_utils import set_category_budget, find_category_db
+from src.models import Category, CategoryBudget, CategoryBudgetDb
+from src.models.category import upsert_category
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetNoOverlap:
+    """Test budgets that don't overlap with existing ones."""
+
+    def test_no_overlap_add_new(self, db_session: Session):
+        """When new budget has no overlap with existing, add both."""
+        cat = Category(name="NoOverlap")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # First budget: Oct 1 - Nov 30
+        budget1 = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget1)
+
+        # Second budget: Dec 1 - Dec 31 (no overlap with Oct-Nov range)
+        budget2 = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=150.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 12, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 12, 31),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget2)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 2
+
+    def test_completely_before_no_overlap(self, db_session: Session):
+        """New budget completely before existing - should add both."""
+        cat = Category(name="BeforeExisting")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # Existing budget covering Oct 15 - Dec 30
+        existing_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 15),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 12, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, existing_budget)
+
+        # New budget covering Sep 1 - Sep 30 (completely before)
+        new_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=50.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 9, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 9, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, new_budget)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 2
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetFullOverlap:
+    """Test when new budget fully overlaps existing."""
+
+    def test_full_overlap_replace(self, db_session: Session):
+        """When new budget fully overlaps existing, replace entirely."""
+        cat = Category(name="FullOverlap")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # Existing budget covering Oct 1 - Nov 30
+        existing_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, existing_budget)
+
+        # New budget covering Oct 1 - Nov 30 (same range, different amount)
+        new_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=200.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, new_budget)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        # Should have only 1 budget with the new amount (replaced old one)
+        assert len(budgets) == 1
+        assert budgets[0].amount_eur == 200.00
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetPartialOverlapStart:
+    """Test partial overlap where new budget overlaps at start."""
+
+    def test_partial_overlap_at_start(self, db_session: Session):
+        """When new budget overlaps existing from the start, keep end and cut before."""
+        cat = Category(name="OverlapStart")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # Existing budget covering Oct 1 - Nov 30
+        existing_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, existing_budget)
+
+        # New budget covering Oct 1 - Nov 15 (overlaps from start)
+        new_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=120.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 15),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, new_budget)
+
+        # Should have 2 budgets:
+        # 1. Oct 1 - Nov 15 (new budget)
+        # 2. Dec 1 - Dec 30 (remainder from old budget, after overlap end + 1 day)
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 2
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetPartialOverlapEnd:
+    """Test partial overlap where new budget overlaps at end."""
+
+    def test_partial_overlap_at_end(self, db_session: Session):
+        """When new budget overlaps existing at the end, keep start and cut after."""
+        cat = Category(name="OverlapEnd")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # Existing budget covering Oct 1 - Nov 30
+        existing_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, existing_budget)
+
+        # New budget covering Oct 15 - Nov 30 (overlaps at end)
+        new_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=120.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 15),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, new_budget)
+
+        # Should have 2 budgets:
+        # 1. Oct 1 - Oct 14 (remainder from old budget, before overlap start - 1 day)
+        # 2. Oct 15 - Nov 30 (new budget)
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 2
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetMiddleOverlap:
+    """Test overlap in the middle that splits existing budget."""
+
+    def test_complex_overlap_middle(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Handle overlap in the middle that splits existing budget into two parts."""
+        cat = Category(name="SplitMiddle")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # Existing budget covering Oct 1 - Dec 31
+        existing_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 12, 31),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, existing_budget)
+
+        # New budget covering Oct 15 - Nov 30 (overlaps in middle)
+        new_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=150.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 15),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, new_budget)
+
+        # Should have 3 budgets:
+        # 1. Oct 1 - Oct 14 (before new range, original amount)
+        # 2. Oct 15 - Nov 30 (new budget, new amount)
+        # 3. Dec 1 - Dec 31 (after new range, original amount)
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 3
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetUnbounded:
+    """Test budgets with unbounded dates."""
+
+    def test_unbounded_start(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Budget with None valid_from (unbounded start)."""
+        cat = Category(name="UnboundedStart")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=None,  # Unbounded start
+            valid_to=date(2026, 12, 31),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 1
+        assert budgets[0].valid_from is None
+        assert budgets[0].valid_to == date(2026, 12, 31)
+
+    def test_unbounded_end(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Budget with None valid_to (unbounded end)."""
+        cat = Category(name="UnboundedEnd")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=None,  # Unbounded end
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 1
+        assert budgets[0].valid_from == date(2026, 10, 1)
+        assert budgets[0].valid_to is None
+
+    def test_unbounded_both(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Budget with both dates unbounded (None)."""
+        cat = Category(name="UnboundedBoth")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=None,  # Unbounded start
+            valid_to=None,    # Unbounded end
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 1
+        assert budgets[0].valid_from is None
+        assert budgets[0].valid_to is None
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetWithExistingUnbounded:
+    """Test adding bounded budgets to categories with existing unbounded budgets."""
+
+    def test_add_bounded_after_unbounded(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Add a bounded budget after an unbounded one (no overlap)."""
+        cat = Category(name="AfterUnbounded")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # First, add unbounded budget
+        unbounded_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=None,
+            valid_to=None,
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, unbounded_budget)
+
+        # Add bounded budget after (Nov 1 - Dec 31)
+        bounded_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=150.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 11, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 12, 31),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, bounded_budget)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 2
+
+    def test_add_bounded_before_unbounded(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Add a bounded budget before an unbounded one (no overlap)."""
+        cat = Category(name="BeforeUnbounded")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # First, add unbounded budget
+        unbounded_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=None,
+            valid_to=None,
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, unbounded_budget)
+
+        # Add bounded budget before (Sep 1 - Oct 31)
+        bounded_budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=75.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 9, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 10, 31),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, bounded_budget)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 2
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetMultipleWithSameAmount:
+    """Test multiple budgets with same amount and overlapping dates."""
+
+    def test_same_range_different_amount(self, db_session: Session):
+        """When two budgets have same range but different amounts, only one should remain."""
+        cat = Category(name="SameRangeDifferentAmount")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # First budget
+        budget1 = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget1)
+
+        # Same range but different amount
+        budget2 = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=200.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget2)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 1
+        assert budgets[0].amount_eur == 200.00
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetDateEdgeCases:
+    """Test edge cases around date boundaries."""
+
+    def test_adjacent_budgets_no_overlap(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Two budgets that are adjacent (end of one is start-1 of next) should both exist."""
+        cat = Category(name="Adjacent")
+        cat_db = upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # Budget 1: Oct 1 - Oct 31
+        budget1 = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 10, 31),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget1)
+
+        # Budget 2: Nov 1 - Nov 30 (adjacent to Oct 31)
+        budget2 = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 11, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        set_category_budget(db_session, budget2)
+
+        budgets = list(db_session.query(CategoryBudgetDb).filter_by(category_id=cat_db.id))
+        assert len(budgets) == 2
+
+
+class TestFindCategoryDb:
+    """Test find_category_db function."""
+
+    def test_find_simple(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Find a simple category without parent."""
+        cat = Category(name="SimpleCategory")
+        upsert_category(db_session, cat, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        result = find_category_db(db_session, cat)
+        assert result is not None
+        assert str(result.name) == "SimpleCategory"
+
+    def test_find_with_parent_hierarchy(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Find a category with parent hierarchy."""
+        grandfather = Category(name="grandfather")
+        upsert_category(db_session, grandfather, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+        
+        father = Category(name="father", parent=grandfather)
+        upsert_category(db_session, father, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+        
+        child = Category(name="child", parent=father)
+        upsert_category(db_session, child, do_commit=False)
+        db_session.commit()
+
+        # Find the child via find_category_db
+        result = find_category_db(db_session, child)
+        assert result is not None
+        assert str(result.parent.name) == "father"
+
+    def test_find_nonexistent(self, db_session: Session):
+        """Return None for non-existent category."""
+        # Create a category but don't add it to session (already in memory from fixtures)
+        result = find_category_db(db_session, Category(name="NonExistent"))
+        assert result is None
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetErrorHandling:
+    """Test error handling in set_category_budget."""
+
+    def test_missing_category_raises_error(self, db_session: Session):
+        """set_category_budget should raise ValueError for missing category."""
+        cat = Category(name="NonExistent")
+        budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 10, 31),
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            set_category_budget(db_session, budget)
+
+        assert "NonExistent" in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_missing_parent_raises_error(self, db_session: Session):
+        """set_category_budget should raise ValueError for missing parent."""
+        cat = Category(name="ChildOfMissing")
+        budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 10, 31),
+        )
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            set_category_budget(db_session, budget)
+
+        # The error should mention that the category was not found (including its parent)
+        assert "ChildOfMissing" in str(exc_info.value).lower() or \
+               "not found" in str(exc_info.value).lower() or \
+               "no matching" in str(exc_info.value).lower()
+
+
+class TestSetCategoryBudgetValidation:
+    """Test CategoryBudget model validation rules."""
+
+    def test_valid_budget_no_dates(self):
+        """Budget with None dates is valid."""
+        cat = Category.from_str("test")
+        budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+        )
+        assert budget.valid_from is None
+        assert budget.valid_to is None
+
+    def test_valid_budget_with_dates(self):
+        """Budget with dates is valid."""
+        cat = Category.from_str("test")
+        budget = CategoryBudget(
+            category=cat,
+            amount_eur=100.00,
+            valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+        )
+        assert budget.valid_from == date(2026, 10, 1)
+        assert budget.valid_to == date(2026, 11, 30)
+
+    def test_invalid_date_range_raises(self):
+        """Budget with valid_from > valid_to should raise validation error."""
+        cat = Category.from_str("test")
+        
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            CategoryBudget(
+                category=cat,
+                amount_eur=100.00,
+                valid_from=date(2026, 11, 30),
+                valid_to=date(2026, 10, 1),
+            )
+        
+        assert "valid_from" in str(exc_info.value) or "valid_to" in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_amount_must_be_positive(self):
+        """Amount must be greater than zero."""
+        cat = Category.from_str("test")
+        
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            CategoryBudget(
+                category=cat,
+                amount_eur=-100.00,
+                valid_from=date(2026, 10, 1),
+                valid_to=date(2026, 11, 30),
+            )
+        
+        assert "greater than" in str(exc_info.value).lower()