return {
	-- Mason (LSP server installer)
	{
		"mason-org/mason.nvim",
		config = function()
			require("mason").setup()
		end,
	},

	-- Mason Tool Installer (auto-install formatters and linters)
	{
		"WhoIsSethDaniel/mason-tool-installer.nvim",
		dependencies = { "mason-org/mason.nvim" },
		event = "VeryLazy",
		config = function()
			require("mason-tool-installer").setup({
				ensure_installed = {
					-- Formatters
					"prettier",
					"black",
					"stylua",
					"shfmt",
					-- Linters
					"eslint_d",
					"ruff",
					"selene",
					"shellcheck",
					"jsonlint",
					"yamllint",
					"markdownlint",
				},
				auto_update = false,
				run_on_start = true,
			})
		end,
	},

	-- Mason-LSPconfig (bridge Mason and nvim-lspconfig)
	{
		"mason-org/mason-lspconfig.nvim",
		dependencies = { "mason-org/mason.nvim" }, -- Ensure mason loads first to prevent registry errors
		event = "VeryLazy",
		config = function()
			require("mason-lspconfig").setup({
				ensure_installed = {
					"pyright", -- Python
					"ts_ls", -- TypeScript/JavaScript
					"vue_ls", -- Vue (Volar)
					"jsonls", -- JSON
					"yamlls", -- YAML
					"html", -- HTML
					"cssls", -- CSS
					"bashls", -- Bash
					"lua_ls", -- Lua
					"rust_analyzer", -- Rust
					--"stylua",
				},
			})
		end,
	},

	-- nvim-lspconfig
	{
		"neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
		config = function()
			local function get_venv_python()
				local cwd = vim.fn.getcwd()
				local handles = vim.fn.glob(cwd .. "/.venv*", true, true)
				for _, v in ipairs(handles) do
					if vim.fn.isdirectory(v) == 1 then
						return v .. "/bin/python"
					end
				end
				return vim.fn.exepath("python3") or "python3"
			end

			-- Lua
			vim.lsp.config("lua_ls", {
				settings = {
					Lua = {
						runtime = { version = "LuaJIT" },
						diagnostics = { globals = { "vim" } },
						workspace = { library = vim.api.nvim_get_runtime_file("", true) },
					},
				},
			})

			-- Python
			vim.lsp.config("pyright", {
				settings = {
					python = {
						pythonPath = get_venv_python(),
						analysis = {
							typeCheckingMode = "basic",
						},
					},
				},
			})

			-- Type- and JavaScript
			vim.lsp.config("ts_ls", {
				filetypes = {
					"javascript",
					"javascriptreact",
					"typescript",
					"typescriptreact",
					"vue",
				},
				init_options = {
					hostInfo = "neovim",
					plugins = {
						{
							name = "@vue/typescript-plugin",
							location = vim.fn.stdpath("data")
								.. "/mason/packages/vue-language-server/node_modules/@vue/language-server",
							languages = { "vue" },
							configNamespace = "typescript",
						},
					},
				},
				settings = {
					typescript = {
						inlayHints = {
							includeInlayParameterNameHints = "all",
							includeInlayParameterNameHintsWhenArgumentMatchesName = false,
							includeInlayFunctionParameterTypeHints = true,
							includeInlayVariableTypeHints = true,
							includeInlayPropertyDeclarationTypeHints = true,
							includeInlayFunctionLikeReturnTypeHints = true,
							includeInlayEnumMemberValueHints = true,
						},
					},
					javascript = {
						inlayHints = {
							includeInlayParameterNameHints = "all",
							includeInlayParameterNameHintsWhenArgumentMatchesName = false,
							includeInlayFunctionParameterTypeHints = true,
							includeInlayVariableTypeHints = true,
							includeInlayPropertyDeclarationTypeHints = true,
							includeInlayFunctionLikeReturnTypeHints = true,
							includeInlayEnumMemberValueHints = true,
						},
					},
				},
			})

			-- Vue (Volar): bundled config in nvim-lspconfig provides cmd,
			-- filetypes and tsserver/request forwarding to ts_ls (hybrid mode)
			vim.lsp.config("vue_ls", {})

			-- Rust
			vim.lsp.config("rust_analyzer", {
				setting = {
					["rust-analyzer"] = {
						checkOnSave = { command = "clippy" },
					},
				},
			})

			-- Other languages
			vim.lsp.config("jsonls", {})
			vim.lsp.config("yamlls", {})
			vim.lsp.config("html", {})
			vim.lsp.config("cssls", {})
			vim.lsp.config("bashls", {})

			-- Enable servers
			vim.lsp.enable("lua_ls")
			vim.lsp.enable("pyright")
			vim.lsp.enable("ts_ls")
			vim.lsp.enable("vue_ls")
			vim.lsp.enable("jsonls")
			vim.lsp.enable("yamlls")
			vim.lsp.enable("html")
			vim.lsp.enable("cssls")
			vim.lsp.enable("bashls")
			vim.lsp.enable("rust_analyzer")
		end,
	},
}